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Luis Miguel Goitizolo

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RE: ARE WE NOW IN THE END TIMES?
5/7/2012 9:51:46 PM
Hi Myrna,
Thanks for the feedback.
There seem to be a variety of causes, both natural and human, for sinkholes to occur. The below article can give you some answers.
Hugs,
Miguel

How Sinkholes Work

by


Sinkholes Caused by Humans

In urban settings in particular, sinkholes may owe their development to human activity as much as anything else. In some cases, sinkholes appear because of the combination of industrial activity or development, soft limestone bedrock and less than 200 feet (61 meters) of overburden [source: Southwest Florida Water Management District]. The following human actions can also cause sinkholes:

  • Drilling and vibrations
  • Mining
  • Changes in weight
  • Lots of foot or vehicle traffic
  • Heavy increase in water flow, formation of a pond or body of water, or broken pipes, among other things

Sinkholes may also form in places where water flows regularly, such as a storm drain, or when water sources are diverted or cut off, especially by pumping out groundwater. A broken pipe can contribute to sinkhole development by flooding and weakening the soil, but it can also provide an outlet for the dirt and rock that's supposed to surround pipes. After enough material falls into pipes and is transported away, the surrounding earth becomes destabilized, contributing to sinkhole formation, sewage or water spills, or other disasters.

One­ of the worst human-caused sinkholes occurred in 1994 in Polk Cou­nty, located in Central Florida. First, some background: 30 percent of the world's phosphate comes from Florida and often ends up as an ingredient in fertilizer [source: Laufenberg]. That booming phosphate industry comes with tons of mildly radioactive waste known as phosphogypsum. Florida mining companies arrange phosphogypsum into massive stacks that can cover hundreds of acres and weigh millions of tons. Other phosphogypsum disposal methods, including recycl­ing it for use in construction or artificial reefs, have yet to take off because of debate over whether the material is too radioactive to reuse. Almost a billion tons of the stuff is stacked in Central Florida [source: EPA]. All that weight pressing down on the soft, sinkhole-riddled Florida terrain can lead to disaster.

So it was in 1994, when one of these stacks collapsed into a 150-foot (46-meter) deep sinkhole. Millions of tons of phosphogypsum entered the sinkhole and polluted the state's water supply. The cleanup cost millions and cast a light on both the problem of sinkholes and the need to find uses for the millions of tons of byproduct waste produced by the state's phosphate industry.

We've talked about how sinkholes form and some of the basic hazards involved. But what other problems can they cause? We'll explore that subject in more detail on the next page.

(See next page here)

AGAIN WITH THE FERTILIZER!

In Berezniki, Russia, a giant sinkhole first appeared in 1986, apparently when a potash mine was flooded. The sinkhole now measures 656 feet (200 meters) deep, 262 feet (80 meters) long and 131 feet (40 meters) wide -- and growing. The sinkhole threatens the region's massive potash industry. Potash is an important ingredient in many fertilizers.

Quote:
Hi Miguel,

I have been wondering, would like to know what you think, if these sink holes could be coming from the moving of Mother Earth. I heard where the booms would be more and the booms they heard in several places are coming from the movement of the earth. So why wouldn't sink holes happen too. I also have been told that the oil is like earth's blood and with so much drawn out, that i has caused problems. So if you put the booms, sink holes and loss of oil, then why wouldn't it cause a lot of problems? It sounds right to me.

Can you imagine coming out your door and seeing this?

"Choose a job you love and you will not have to work a day in your life" (Confucius)

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Luis Miguel Goitizolo

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RE: ARE WE NOW IN THE END TIMES?
5/7/2012 9:59:19 PM
Another article here:

HOW SINKHOLES WORK

Maybe it’s something that you’ve only seen in movies or maybe you’ve read about it in the paper, but when the earth opens up, it can literally swallow anything that gets in its path, whether it’s a house, a car, or an ocean. This phenomenon is not really as rare an occurrence as many people believe and while they don’t happen all the time, they certainly are something that exist and can happen for apparently no reason at all. These gigantic craters in the earth are called sinkholes and they’re not always known for being negative things. While a sinkhole located in the middle of a neighborhood with homes and a community is obviously a negative thing, consider also that the most beautiful natural pools in Mexico were created by sinkholes and now tourists from all over the world visit there to visit the peace and relaxation that those sinkholes created. But how worried should you be that the ground beneath you will just split in two and leave you in an unfortunate situation? Well in truth the odds aren’t likely that you will experience a sinkhole first-hand but knowing things such as which areas are more prone to them than can definitely make you feel more prepared and learning about how the earth below can suddenly break apart, will definitely shake the ground you’re standing on!

Although it may appear as though sinkholes, which are also called sinks, may be seen as just a hole in the ground, they are actually much more than just that. Sinkholes are not usually any larger than 100 feet deep, they can cover small areas that appear to be ponds or they can cover miles and miles of an area. Sinkholes generally occur in areas that are often exposed to water, and more importantly, what kind of rock is underneath the soil, as opposed to the rock that is above the soil, which is called overburden. The rock most usually found in areas where sinkholes have occurred is evaporate or carbonate rock, such as limestone, salt, gypsum, or dolomite.

The reason why sinkholes appear in some areas that are exposed to water and not others is because it’s actually what happens to that water during the process of the sinkhole developing that is the difference as is again, the type of underlying rock. When water has had a great deal of interaction with plants and has absorbed an abundance of carbon dioxide, it becomes acidic. As that acidic water comes into contact with the bedrock, it slowly erodes away small tunnels throughout the rock, creating small passageways for even more water to travel through the rock. These passages are called conduits and they help to eventually create underground basins, which are called recharge areas. These recharge areas have water flowing into them and out of them continuously and this water reaches the subsurface of the earth, or the underlying rock, causing it to dissolve away even faster. If a flood happens to occur in the area of a developing sinkhole, the small conduits can also trap things such as topsoil and other matter, which would further develop the sinkhole as the water then would not be able to move out and would be further trapped inside the sinkhole. Sometimes, when only a small amount of water is responsible for holding up an entire section of earth and that water sees even a slight fall in the level of water, this lack of water can also cause a sinkhole. The United States has a number of areas where sinkholes are quite prominent. Among them are Florida, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas.

How Sinkholes Occur Naturally

If you ever get the chance to see one up close, it may look as though the earth’s surface had a great deal to do with the fact that it just opened up and swallowed a car. However, there has been a lot going on underneath that surface for weeks, months, maybe even years before the grand finale event of the earth splitting in two actually happens. This type of sinkhole is known as a cover-collapse sinkhole and it occurs when the overburden becomes too weak to be able to support any of the weight on top of it. With these types of sinkholes, the overburden has usually been formed from soft soil, such as soil that has a lot of clay in it. What happens then is that a cave will form underneath the soil. The overburden will then spill over into the empty space that has been created by the cavern, leaving the area underneath the overburden empty. Over time, the top of the overburden, which is the surface that we see, will collapse into the newly formed cavern underneath it because it has become too thin and weak to support its own weight. This is considered the cover collapse. In some instances, the cover is strong enough to maintain itself but then when a car or something else that has weight to it goes over its surface, it then becomes much too weak and breaks.

Another quieter kind of sinkhole is a cover-subsidence sinkhole. These sinkholes often end up forming ponds because the water just doesn’t have anywhere to go. This type of sinkhole develops when water collects and pushes down and into the soft overburden. Sandy that has clay in it and sits on top of limestone, or other soft rock, is where these sinkholes are most likely to occur and they’re not likely to be very large either. As the limestone is literally washed away by the water, it will create an empty area that will start to become filled in with the overburden. This leaves a concave impression, such as a bowl, in the earth. Once the hole has reached a certain size, sand and sediment will start to flow into the hole and begin to fill it up. Although it won’t become completely filled, this is the reason why these sinkholes are much smaller than the cover-collapse sinkholes. The sand and sediment that flows into the hole will also travel into the small conduits within the soil and will block all exits for the water, which is why is stands still within the sinkhole.

Sometimes cover-subsidence sinkholes are confused with being dissolution or solution sinkholes. In this case, the latter works much like the former in that acidic water touches rock and erodes it to the point where a giant hole is worn away on the surface of the soil. The difference between the two is that with dissolution sinkholes, there is no existence of an overburden and so the soil does not flow back into the hole or cover the rock. However, the water is still trapped within the hole as sand and sediment still fill the small conduits, leaving the water trapped within the sinkhole.

Sinkholes Caused by Humans

It’s not only the unfortunate meeting of water, rock, and soil that causes sinkholes. Often, especially in areas that are highly populated, humans cause sinkholes for many different reasons. Construction often plays a part in creating sinkholes because there is a lot of drilling and vibrating happening on the earth’s surface. When a pipe breaks, this also often plays a part in the development of sinkholes because of the high volume of water on rather weak soil and rock. High car or foot traffic can also wear away at the earth’s surface and cause sinkholes, as can changes in weight, such as the building and development of many new buildings or communities.


The Making of a Sinkhole

"Choose a job you love and you will not have to work a day in your life" (Confucius)

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Luis Miguel Goitizolo

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RE: ARE WE NOW IN THE END TIMES?
5/8/2012 11:05:12 AM

Greek Neo-Nazis Gain Parliamentary Seat in Elections

















The political landscape in Greece is about to undergo a drastic shake-up according to preliminary results from Sunday’s parliamentary elections. With 98% of the votes accounted for, the center-right party New Democracy party has won about 18.9%. Left-wing coalition Syriza — which had campaigned fervently against austerity — is in second place, with about 16.8%and the Socialist party PASOK, led by former finance minister Evangelos Venizelos, is trailing in third place with about 13.2%.

In contrast, New Democracy won 33.5% of the votes in 2009 and PASOK, 43.9%. The two parties have been in coalition since November of 2011 after Socialist Prime Minister George Papandreou resigned following months of acrimony over passing a series of austerity measures. These had been demanded by the “troika” — the European Union, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank — in order for Greece to receive the next installment of 11 billion euros in bailout funds, to help the country pay off its massive debt.

In a troubling trend, the neo-Nazi Chrysi Avgi (Golden Dawn) party, which champions an anti-immigrant platform and whose symbol represents the swastika, has won about 7.0% of votes and is poised to win seats in the Vouli or Greek parliament for the first time.

The new right-wing Independent Greeks party has won 10.6%, according to preliminary results. Its leader, Panos Kammenos, has said that his party will not cooperate with New Democracy and PASOK.

Crucial Elections For Greece’s Future

The elections, called by technocrat prime minister Lucas Papademos, are the most crucial in Greece since the restoration of democracy in 1974. The results of the parliamentary elections are, say analysts, what ensues when a country is pushed into successive rounds of austerity measures. Greeks have said that they are losing their sovereignty to outside powers: The EU and IMF are demanding that the government cut $15.5 billion over the next two years, if Greece wishes to secure the next installments of bailout funds.

Greece is in the fifth year of a recession and unemployment is at 21%.

Othan Anastasakis, director of south-east European studies at Oxford University, told the BBC that it would be “unprecedented” if no one party wins more than 20% of the vote. If one party fails to win a majority to form a government, the victor must seek to form a coalition with rivals, says the BBC. If the party in first place cannot form such, it falls to the party in second place to seek to do so, and — should it fail — then to the party in third place. If no coalition can be formed, another election can be held — an outcome that will not be well-regarded by Greece’s international creditors, especially if parties opposed to the bailout form a coalition together.

Greece’s membership in the euro zone, often in question over the past year, remains unresolved. Both New Democracy and PASOK have dominated Greek politics for the past forty years and have been at the forefront of pushing for austerity measures. New Democracy leader Anton Samaras says that, while his party will seek to form a “national salvation government” to keep Greece in the EU, he will also work to “amend” the EU-IMF bailout agreement to boost growth. But prominent Syriza MP Panaghiotis Lafazanis has said that his party will keep its pre-election promise of forming a government of “the united left” that will seek to end the fiscal remedies demanded by the EU and the IMF.

Volunteer lawyers working at the election booths reported a somber mood among voters, many of whome appeared dressed in their Sunday best, says the Guardian. People were said to be taking an “inordinately long time” choosing which candidates to support at a time when the future of Greece hangs in the balance.

Related Care2 Coverage

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Photo of the Parthenon in Athens by the author



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Luis Miguel Goitizolo

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RE: ARE WE NOW IN THE END TIMES?
5/8/2012 4:46:09 PM

CIA reportedly thwarted new al-Qaida underwear bomb plot

By Olivier Knox | The Ticket18 hrs ago

Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, who was convicted of trying to blow up a Detroit-bound plane in 2009 with a bomb in …

The CIA thwarted a suicide plot by al-Qaida's affiliate in Yemen to bring down a U.S.-bound airliner near last week's one-year anniversary of Osama bin Laden's death with an upgraded "underwear bomb," the Associated Press reported Monday. The White House quickly released a statement insisting "the device did not pose a threat to the public."

"We had no specific, credible information about active terrorist plots timed to coincide with the anniversary and reiterate that this device never represented a threat to the public," a senior Obama aide told Yahoo News Monday on condition of anonymity.

The AP, citing unnamed U.S. officials, said the CIA seized the explosive, an improved version of the weapon used in the failed Christmas 2009 plan to bring down a commercial airplane over Detroit.

The device did not contain metal, making it likely that it could have eluded detection by traditional airport security. But it was unclear whether controversial new full-body scanners would have located it. The FBI is examining the bomb to see whether it would have been detected and whether it was powerful enough to bring down an airplane, the AP reported. The agency said the CIA seized the bomb before the bomber, whose fate was unclear, had chosen a target or bought a plane ticket.

President Barack Obama first learned about the plot in April from his top counter-terrorism adviser at the White House, John Brennan, and was kept up-to-date as efforts to foil it unfolded, according to Deputy NSC Spokesperson Caitlin Hayden.

"While the President was assured that the device did not pose a threat to the public, he directed the Department of Homeland Security and law enforcement and intelligence agencies to take whatever steps necessary to guard against this type of attack," Hayden said in a statement.

"The disruption of this IED plot underscores the necessity of remaining vigilant against terrorism here and abroad. The President thanks all intelligence and counterterrorism professionals involved for their outstanding work and for serving with the extraordinary skill and commitment that their enormous responsibilities demand," she said.

The AP reported that the CIA acted even as the White House sought to reassure Americans as the one-year anniversary of the bin Laden raid loomed. "We have no credible information that terrorist organizations, including al Qaeda, are plotting attacks in the U.S. to coincide with the anniversary of bin Laden's death," Obama spokesman Jay Carney told reporters April 26.

The FBI labeled the bomb an "improvised explosive device" — a term often associated with roadside bombs used to attack American troops in Iraq or Afghanistan — and said it was "conducting technical and forensics analysis on it."

"The device is very similar to IEDs that have been used previously by al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula in attempted terrorist attacks, including against aircraft and for targeted assassinations," the FBI said in a statement, referring to the arm of the terrorist network in Yemen.

The Department of Homeland Security also weighed in, saying it had "no specific, credible information regarding an active terrorist plot against the U.S. at this time, although we continue to monitor efforts by al-Qa'ida and its affiliates to carry out terrorist attacks, both in the Homeland and abroad."

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Luis Miguel Goitizolo

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RE: ARE WE NOW IN THE END TIMES?
5/8/2012 4:50:46 PM
Shoking Photos: Endangered Wildlife Killed By BP Oil Spill












It’s been said many times that will be many years before we know the true extent of the environmental damage caused by the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Trying to wrap one’s head around the consequences of introducing 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into a fragile ocean ecosystem is difficult, especially when BP and its corporate partners did their best to keep the public from getting a good look at the worst of it.

In August of 2010, Greenpeace filed a Freedom of Information Act request [PDF] to see any communication related to the oil spill and endangered or threatened Gulf species. It took two long years for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) to fill the request, and when you take a look at some of the pictures they were hiding, it’s not hard to see why.

NOAA Oil Covered Turtle“Critically endangered” Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle

“The White House was sitting on this stuff for over two years, at the same time they were saying everything was fine, that the oil was gone, and while they were rushing ahead with plans for new drilling in the Gulf, the Arctic, elsewhere,” said John Hocevar, a marine biologist with Greenpeace in a recent release. ”It’s just not okay. This is not an acceptable type of collateral damage.”

NOAA BP Oil Spill Damage

As Mother Jones’ Kate Sheppard points out, most of the photos are missing dates and descriptions, so some, like the one above featuring dozens of garbage bags presumably full of dead wildlife, are hard to decipher. Regardless, they confirm the worst fears of many around the United States: the BP oil spill had a direct and immediate impact on the many protected and endangered species that call the Gulf Coast home.

Although BP and the government made sure to circulate lots of pictures of turtles and pelicans being saved from the oil, they purposefully hoarded images showing the public the deadly consequences of Big Oil’s “lack of a safety culture.” Maybe if more people had to look at pictures like this splashed across the headlines, they’d be less likely to support “drill, baby, drill” politicians.

Visit Greenpeace.org to view more of the recently released images.

Related Reading:

Legacy of Lies: The BP Oil Spill Two Years Later

Gulf Coast Residents Still Sick From BP Oil Spill

BP Engineer Arrested For Destroying Gulf Oil Spill Evidence

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All images via NOAA



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