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Thomas Richmond

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SUNDAY SHOWCASE_Featuring RINA RISHILAH RANI 10/12/08
10/11/2008 7:23:20 PM
Greetings Members, hope all is well, this weeks feature is a very nice come back after a long vacation, i for one is very proud of her and im sure you are too, she brights up the day with her greetings and most coloful of posts here in Adlandpro, one out of many who do, she hails from India                      

India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ???? ??????? Bharat Ga?arajya; see also other Indian languages), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometers (4,671 mi. It borders Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Indonesia in the Indian Ocean.

Home to the Indus Valley Civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated there, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became a modern nation state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread nonviolent resistance.

India is a parliamentary republic consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. It has the world's twelfth largest economy at market exchange rates and the fourth largest in purchasing power. Economic reforms have transformed it into the second fastest growing large economyhowever, it still suffers from high levels of poverty illiteracy, and malnutrition. A pluralistic, multilingual, and multiethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.The name India (pronounced /'?ndi?/) is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi (??d??), the people of the Indus. Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in India. The first known permanent settlements appeared over 9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilization, dating back to 3300 BCE in western India. It was followed by the Vedic period, which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Indian society, and ended in the 500s BCE. From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country.

In the third century BCE, most of South Asia was united into the Maurya Empire by Chandragupta Maurya and flourished under Ashoka the Great.From the third century CE, the Gupta dynasty oversaw the period referred to as ancient "India's Golden Age.Empires in Southern India included those of the Chalukyas, the Cholas and the Vijayanagara Empire. Science, engineering, art, literature, astronomy, and philosophy flourished under the patronage of these kings.

Following invasions from Central Asia between the tenth and twelfth centuries, much of North India came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, and later the Mughal Empire. Mughal emperors gradually expanded their empires to cover large parts of the subcontinent. However, in North-Eastern India, the dominant power was the Ahom kingdom of Assam, among the few kingdoms to have resisted Mughal subjugation.

From the sixteenth century, several European countries, including Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom, started arriving as traders and later took advantage of the fractious nature of relations between the kingdoms to establish colonies in the country. By 1856, most of India was under the control of the British East India Company. A year later, a nationwide insurrection of rebelling military units and kingdoms, variously referred to as the India's First War of Independence or Sepoy Mutiny, seriously challenged the British Company's control but eventually failed. As a consequence, India came under the direct rule of the British Crown as a colony of the British Empire.

Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Jawaharlal Nehru, 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.
Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Jawaharlal Nehru, 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.

During the first half of the twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Indian National Congress and other political organizations. In the 1920s and 1930, under a movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, chatacterized by the commitment to ahimsa, or non-violence, millions of protesters engaged in mass campaigns of civil disobedience.Finally, on 15 August 1947, India gained independence from British rule, but was partitioned with independent governments for the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan in accordance with the wishes of the Muslim League, to create a nation state along the lines of religion. Three years later, on 26 January 1950, India became a republic and a new constitution came into effect.

Since independence, India has suffered from religious violence, casteism and insurgencies in various parts, but has been able to control them through tolerance and constitutional reforms. Terrorism in India is also a major security problem, especially in Jammu and Kashmir, North-east India and recently in major cities like Delhi and Mumbai, 2001 Indian Parliament attack being the most prominent one. India has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which in 1962 escalated into the Sino-Indian War; and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999. India is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations (as part of British India). In 1974, India conducted an underground nuclear test.This was followed by five more tests in 1998, making India a nuclear state. Beginning in 1991, significant economic reforms have transformed India into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, adding to its global and regional clout.              

The Constitution of India, the longest and the most exhaustive constitution of any independent nation in the world, came into force on January 26, 1950.The preamble of the constitution defines India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. India has a bicameral parliament operating under a Westminster-style parliamentary system. Its form of government was traditionally described as being 'quasi-federal' with a strong centre and weak states,but it has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political, economic and social changes.

The President of India is the head of state elected indirectly by an electoral college for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises most executive powers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and, by convention, is the candidate supported by the party or political alliance holding the majority of seats in the lower house of Parliament.

The legislature of India is the bicameral Parliament, which consists of the upper house called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower house called the Lok Sabha (House of People).The Rajya Sabha, a permanent body, has 245 members serving staggered six year terms. Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion to the state's population.543 of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote to represent individual constituencies for five year terms. The other two members are nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if, the President is of the opinion that community is not adequately represented.

The executive branch consists of the President, Vice-President, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the Prime Minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of either house of parliament. In the Indian parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature, with the Prime Minister and his Council being directly responsible to the lower house of the parliament.                                       

India has a unitary three-tier judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India, twenty-one High Courts, and a large number of trial courts. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases involving fundamental rights and over disputes between states and the Centre, and appellate jurisdiction over the High Courts.It is judicially independent, and has the power to declare the law and to strike down union or state laws which contravene the Constitution. The role as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution is one of the most important functions of the Supreme Court.

India, at the federal level, is the most populous democracy in the world. For most of its democratic history, the federal government has been led by the Indian National Congress (INC). State politics have been dominated by several national parties including the INC, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), and various regional parties. From 1950 to 1990, barring two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a parliamentary majority. The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when the Janata Party won the election owing to public discontent with the "Emergency" declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In 1989, a Janata Dal-led National Front coalition in alliance with the Left Front coalition won the elections but managed to stay in power for only two years.

The years 1996–1998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government with several short-lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996, followed by the United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) with several regional parties and became the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term. In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various left-leaning parties and members opposed to the BJP.                               

Since its independence in 1947, India has maintained cordial relationships with most nations. It took a leading role in the 1950s by advocating the independence of European colonies in Africa and Asia. India is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. After the Sino-Indian War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, India's relationship with the Soviet Union warmed at the expense of ties with the United States and continued to remain so until the end of the Cold War. India has fought three wars with Pakistan, primarily over Kashmir. Additional skirmishes have taken place between the two nations particularly in 1984 over Siachen Glacier and in 1999 over Kargil.

In recent years, India has played an influential role in the ASEAN, SAARC, and the WTO. India is a founding member and long time supporter of the United Nations, with over 55,000 Indian military and police personnel having served in thirty-five UN peace keeping operations deployed across four continents. Despite criticism and military sanctions, India has consistently refused to sign the CTBT and the NPT, preferring instead to maintain sovereignty over its nuclear program. Recent overtures by the Indian government have strengthened relations with the United States, China, and Pakistan. In the economic sphere, India has close relationships with other developing nations in South America, Asia, and Africa.

India maintains the third largest military force in the world, which consists of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. Auxiliary forces such as the Paramilitary Forces, the Coast Guard, and the Strategic Forces Command also come under the military's purview. The President of India is the supreme commander of the Indian armed forces. India became a nuclear power in 1974 after conducting an initial nuclear test, Operation Smiling Buddha. Further underground testing in 1998 led to international military sanctions against India, that was gradually withdrawn after September 2001. India maintains a "no first use" nuclear policy.India is a federal republic of twenty-eight states and seven Union Territories. All states, and the two union territories of Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi have elected governments. The other five union territories have centrally appointed administrators and hence are under direct rule of the President. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were formed on a linguistic basis. Since then, this structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is divided into basic units of government and administration called districts. There are nearly 600 districts in India. The districts in turn are further divided into tehsils and eventually into villages.  May i introduce to you Rina Rishilah Rani  WE LOVE YOU RINNA! :)  Hello everyone,
Greetings!
First thing I have to say is WOW and thank you to my dear friend Thomas Richmond who always has a special way to welcome me back to the community.

After catching up in the most briefest way possible, he threw a suprise right in my face.  Write a bio and let him feature it in Sunday Showcase.  Geez.... He just made me thought a whole lot of what I wanted to write and then I remember - hey missy, a few lines A FEW LINES.  Well, this is the best I came up with summarising ME.

My name is Rina Rishillah Rani, too long for anyone to remember so its Rinna.  I am 28 years old and living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

I am an Internet Marketeer with 6 years of experience..... oh well, lets talk about something else.

In the past few months, I have learned through thick and thin how GOD has tested me in many ways.  During those times, I wonder - at my age and the experience I have been through, should I need to go through this?

And the answer is YES.  It thought me so much that I could never comprehend and thank you GOD for that.  I learned that I should not judge, I should be careful with how people lead their lives but one thing, I will still live by and has pulled me through those times - right is right and wrong is wrong.  With that, today, I can proudly say I don't have any regrets.  People's attitude, mind, ego and soul belongs to them but what is important, is me and how I live my life.

I thank each and everyone of you for crossing my path and thank you for lighting a candle in my heart eventhough you think you haven't.  Cherish the moments that you have with each other.

Here is my business that I cherish for you to view:




YOUR SOLLUTION TO A BETTER
WEALTH ~ HEALTH ~ HAPPINESS

WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO YOU?
YOUR CHOICE IS YOUR REVOLUTION

 R E V I V E | R E C H A R G E | R E N E W

 WITH

WWW.AMEGAPARTNERS.COM

With AMEGA PARTNERS, we apply AMized TM Fusion Technology with Fractal Attractor System
to provide complementary therapies and management to promote natural cell rejuvenation by reviving, recharging and renewing to attain and maintain youthfulness

That is all folks ;)  Thank you Thomas for allowing me to do this and for giving me an opportunity to do this.

And to everyone, have a great week!

Thanks & Regards,
Rinna
http://community.adlandpro.com/go/arinarr/default.aspx
AT YOUR SERVICE. Drop A Line With The Pros!! http://www.goneclicking.com/?rid=7178 http://www.protrafficshop.com/?rid=5719 Chief Administrator & Support
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Michael Caron

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Re: SUNDAY SHOWCASE_Featuring RINA RISHILAH RANI 10/12/08
10/11/2008 10:57:37 PM
Walking Garbage CanHi Thomas,
  Welcome back Princess Rinna,
  There has been a huge hole in our community since you have been gone, however since your return that hole has turned into a beautiful array of the sweetest flowers, colorful burds and butterflies and heavenly music.  Your absense has been missed and I hope that all of your pursuits have been fruitful.  I believe that our community believes in the power of three because you, Greer and Shelly all came back at the same time.  Our community is back to fullness once again. 
GOD BLESS YOU
Mike
Easter Cross
http://countryvalues65.tripod.com
http://community.adlandpro.com/forums/thread/1064573.aspx
Michael J. Caron (Mike) TRUTH IN ADVERTISING!! Friends First. Business Later.
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Thomas Richmond

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Re: SUNDAY SHOWCASE_Featuring RINA RISHILAH RANI 10/12/08
10/12/2008 12:40:06 AM
Thanks Mike for the love, Shirleys working those forums left and right isnt she  lol, a lot of info my friend. Enjoy your evening, thanks again. God_bless you :)
AT YOUR SERVICE. Drop A Line With The Pros!! http://www.goneclicking.com/?rid=7178 http://www.protrafficshop.com/?rid=5719 Chief Administrator & Support
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Re: SUNDAY SHOWCASE_Featuring RINA RISHILAH RANI 10/12/08
10/12/2008 1:00:29 AM
Hi Thomas :) great story to read, huggs x

Congratulations Sweet Rinna
Lovely to see you featured in the Sunday Showcase. You truly deserve this special honour. Have a Super Fantastical time, I wish you all the very best today, tomorrow and always :) blessings, peace, love and big huggsss


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Rinna Rani

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Re: SUNDAY SHOWCASE_Featuring RINA RISHILAH RANI 10/12/08
10/12/2008 1:28:21 AM
Hi Thomas,
Greetings!
Hey pal...... I really like the write up..... Now, I have to say this..... Can't keep it in longer.... ;)  YOU ARE THE BEST......

You truly have outdone yourself....... Thank you so much thank you so much for the amazing write up of India.... that is where my family is from and I did like the tigers very much.......

Thank you for doing this for me..... May you be BLESSED and thanks for the warm welcome back.

Have a great week!

Regards,
Rinna




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