Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ghd hair straighteners A building reflects the scientific and technological achievements of the age as well as the ideas and aspirations of the designer and the client. The appearance of individual buildings, however, is often controversial. The use of an GHD MK5architectural style cannot be said to start or finish on a specific date. Neither is it possible to say exactly what characterizes a particular movement. But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to the social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries.Instead of using timber, stone and traditional building techniques, architects began to explore was of creating buildings by using the latest technology and materials such as steel, glass and concrete strengthened steel bars, known as reinforced concrete. Technological advances also helped bring about the decline of rural industries and an increase in urban populations as people moved to the towns to work in the new factories. Such rapid and ghd MK4 IV Dark uncontrolled growth helped to turn parts of cities into slums.By the 1920s architects throughout Europe were reacting against the conditions created by industrialization. A new style of architecture emerged to reflect more idealistic notions for the future. It was made possible by new materials and construction techniques and was known as Modernism.By the 1930s many buildings emerging from this movement were designed in the International Style. This was largely characterized by bold use of new materials and simple, geometric forms, often with white walls supported by stiltlike pillars. These were stripped of unnecessary decoration that would detract from their primary purpose to be used or lived in. ghd pretty in pinkWalter Gropius, Charles Jeanneret (better known as Le Corbusier) and Ludwig Mies van Cheap ghd hair straighteners de Rone were among the most influential of the many architects who contributed to the development of Modernism in the first half of the century. But the economic depression of the 1930s and the Second World War (19391945) prevented their ideas from being widely realized until the economic conditions improved and wartorn cities had to be rebuilt. By the 1950s, the International Style had developed into a universal approach to building, which standardized the appearance of new buildings in cities across the world.Unfortunately, this Modernism interest in geometric simplicity and function became exploited for profit. The rediscovery of quickand easyto handle reinforced concrete and an improved ability to prefabricate building sections meant that builders could meet the budgets of commissioning authorities and handle a renewed demand for development quickly and cheaply. But this led to many badly designed buildings, which discredited the original aims of Modernism.Influenced by Le Corbusier ideas on town planning, every large British city built multistorey housing estates in the 1960s. Massproduced, lowcost high rises seemed to offer a solution to the problem of housing a growing innercity population. But far from meeting human needs, the new estates often provided to be windswept deserts lacking essential social facilities and ghd IV Green Envy services, many of these buildings were poorly designed and constructed and have since been demolished.By the 1970s, a new respect for the place of buildings within the existing townscape arose. Preserving historic buildings or keeping on their facades (or fronts) grew common. Architects also began to make more use of building styles and materials that were traditional to the area. The architectural style usually referred to as HighTech was also emerging. It celebrated scientific and engineering achievements by openly parading the sophisticated techniques used in construction. Such buildings are commonly made of metal and glass; examples are Stanched airport and the Lloyd's building in London.Disillusionment at the failure of many of the poor imitations of Modernist architecture led to interest in various styles and ideas from the past and present. By the 1980s the coexistence of different styles of architecture in the same building became known as PostModern. Other architects looked back to the classical tradition. The trend in architecture now favors smaller scale building design that reflects a growing public awareness of environmental issues such as energy efficiency. Like the Modernists, people today recognizes that a well designed environment improves the quality of life but is not necessarily achieved by adopting one well defined style of architecture.Twentieth century architecture will mainly be remembered for its tall buildings. They have been made possible by the development of light steel frames and safe passenger lifts. They originated in the US over a century age to help meet the demand for more economical use of land. As construction techniques improved, the skyscraper became a reality.